Africa



=Essential questions:=

Some people can like a certain political group and others cannot. In politics they usually do not listen to the people, only during elections then they do what they want once in power, a lot of people do not agree with he way certain governments are run. People may not agree in a change in government, it changes other aspects of the country as well. Nationalism is when people love their country and promote a certain government. When people do this it can change the way they think about their country and how they see it. It can also change the country itself because new ideas begin to form. Gives people an attachment to their country. uncle sam, bald eagle, statue of liberty, culture, If a country does not agree with another countries government so much and do not like the way they are run then they will stop all communication between the country and stop trading. They can effect economic relationships, it can lead to disagreement. Same ideas on life. Understanding of government, being able to live in peace with so many different religions and cultures. Loving the government system in their country and loving their country. Similar ideas, and faith in government, people have the feeling of being united.
 * **How can political change cause conflict?**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**

=Imperialism:=


 * Nationalism thought it was a bonus to see that Africa had colonies
 * controlling the means of production
 * motives for imperialism
 * There are disease in Africa
 * many of the virus killed Europeans and horses
 * In Africa they had spears and swords as well as Britain
 * Technology made the difference
 * Guns helped dominate people in Africa
 * A lot of fighting and a lot of dying
 * Domination came because of wars, the resisted from the people
 * By the end of the 19th century half of Africa was colonized
 * Taking control over leaders
 * Ruled Indirectly.
 * They could be educated in Europe
 * Successfully imperialism


 * Many African Americans were abused
 * The novel brought the light to the horribleness of consolidation
 * Nigeria and Ethiopia
 * European countries have been establishing colonies since the late 1800s
 * Europe gobbled up
 * Europeans had stronger economies
 * Slave trade had drastically reduced African population
 * Urged Africans to give up beliefs
 * Built schools in colonies
 * Some Africans were forced into labor
 * Joseph Conrad wrote a novel about the dark side of Imperialism
 * Liberia and Ethiopia took a resistance to colonialism

** "Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire." **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **


 * This quote is trying to say that Imperialism is not good for all countries, like Africa, instead of helping the country become better it is actually destroying the country in a whole. It is a storm and it is crushing everyone in the country, and the vampire is Europe and Europe is sucking the life out of the country by colonizing it. Imperialism happens world wide and military comes in and kills all the people that live there. It is a very negative approach to what imperialism is. **

=The New Imperialism Notes Page 359=

=Frayer Model On Imperialism:=



=Questions on White Man Burden:=

1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?
 * It was beginning of the Philippine -American War and the US ratification of a treaty that placed Cuba, Guam, and the Philippines under American control. The sons had to fight there. They had to imperialism nations. And it's a white mans duty to improve other races. **
 * He get's the reward of gaining something from the work others do. Because the burden is now to take care of these new countries, it has become a problem for them so they should gain something out of it. England and Great ** **Britain they had the biggest empire.**
 * Kipling was hoping that the people of America and someone in government would see the poem and agree with him. Gain support of government officials. **
 * To seek another’s profit **
 * And work another’s gain **

**They saw them as really inferior to them. They saw that these people were living their lives and they just looked at them as less of a human being.**
 * I found this most interesting because it says that the white man had a burden of taking care of all the other countries and in return they should get something like an award. So, he's saying that they are seeking another countries profit and trying to gain something out of someone else's hard work. Their taking advantage of the situation. **
 * Have devil half child **

=**The Black Man's Burden:**=

The message of this poem is that the White man have also thought they were better than every other race. But the black man's burden has always been heavier than the white. They always believe in solving problems with violence and killing everything and taking it over is the right way. White men think they are always the ones burden and that go through hardships but if you look back at history white men have not had the same struggles as colored people. Colored people have gone through more than any white man has gone through.


 * You’ve sealed the Red Man’s problem,**
 * And will take up the Brown,**

He replaces the name of White with red because red is the color of blood and i think he means that they use violence mostly to solve all of their problems. They thought that colored people were a problem and now they think brown people are as well. SO they will use violence toe "help" the brown as well.

=Significance of The Berlin Conference In 5 Words:=


 * Hunger
 * Imperialism
 * Abolished
 * Grew
 * Division
 * Greed
 * Raw Materials
 * Land
 * Americans were not there
 * Africa was not there
 * Selfish
 * Beneficial
 * Promote
 * Bitter Sweet
 * Navigation

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of //// those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Hallie Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : ** ** The perspective of the author is that when people fail to speak up when there is something bad going on in the world is the reason for why bad things keep reoccurring in society. Colonizing Africa. ** European imperialism is completely evil.
 * Read each of the quotes or documents and answer the questions under each one:
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?

**The author is making this statement to show that people should be standing up when something bad is happening, by not speaking out it allows bad things to occur.** He saw all the other countries being over run by all these European countries, they faught so hard and he is angry that other African countries are not standing up to help them.
 * Why might the author be making this statement?

** This quote relates to imperialism in Africa because instead of it helping Africa it basically destroyed it. People wen tin there not to help the country but for selfish reasons, no stood up but just watched the injustice take place in Africa. ** The people in the Africa were to speaking up or acting on what they were doing and of other people would have stood up then nothing would have happened.
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** //Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...// //I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.//

//I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.//


 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * Jules Ferry is the author of the speech he was the prime minister of France twice. His view point is that European's are superior to all other races and the races they BELIEVE are inferior they have a duty to make other races just like them cause they are better.** Pro imperialism. believe that the higher races are benefiting the lower races by having control over the.
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * That because they are more superior than other people they should be allowed to as they please.** Supports theory by giving and example of Central America how they learned how to be civilized.
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * To encourage other people/ Europeans to be okay with what they are doing.**
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?
 * That their mind set was very ignorant and egotistical. They used the excuse that they believed they were superior to other races to do as they please to other nations.**

"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1892.Artists: Linley Sambourne Published in London on December 10, 1892. I feel like this shows how the European people thought they were doing the right thing. That the European people have moved so quickly to Africa. They walked into Africa and taking over making it seem like they were already there. The person that is being represented in this cartoon is Europe. They cartoonist is trying to show Europe is far greater than Africa, by making him into a giant. The artist is showing Europe as a giant over Africa. He/she is trying to represent the control Europe has over Africa. By making the giant stand on over Africa and making the giant look victorious. Trying to show they are doing the right thing by going in there and taking control of the land. "//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

=**Moshweshewe Letter ton Sir George Grey**=

The author is Moshweshewe Cheif of the Basutos. He is writing this letter because he wants justice for what happened to his people and land. The purpose of the letter is to show how the Europeans altered his thinking of the white man. The purpose is to show how the people in his land took advantage of him and his people. He has seen trying to handle the problem with less violence but it is not working.
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.

**Document 5**:
 * Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White man’s machine guns, it would have been different.


 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?

They were treated in humanly, they were treated likes laves like they had no right to themselves. The African rebellion was not successful because the white men were more advanced in their weaponry and that's why they came to Africa, they knew they could win.
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

**Document 6**:
 * Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

He is an African chief and it refers to the white man and how poorly they treat the people of Africa because they think they are more superior to them. The African people tried their best to fight back, cause they wanted to keep their land and they saw the injustice before their eyes but no one did to stop them. That the British call them animals and less of human but they actually are like that. They are animals and selfish. They take what they want without even thinking about the consequences. **Document 7**:
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.


 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

**Document 8**: Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.


 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?


 * Document 9**:


 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?


 * Document 10**:

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.  Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962


 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?